Overview
Diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Kazakhstan were established in 1991 after Kazakhstan gained independence from the Soviet Union . [1] Ethnic Germans and ethnic Kazakhs have a shared history dating back to World War II when ethnic Germans living in the Volga region of Russia were relocated or imprisoned in the eastern steppe of the Soviet Union in what is now the territory of Kazakhstan. [2] At the collapse of the Soviet Union, about one million ethnic Germans lived in Kazakhstan. [3]
Trade
Kazakhstan to market in Kazakhstan in 1992 to support the development of the market. [4] Bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to EUR 4 billion in 2016. [1]
State Visits
German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited Kazakhstan in 2010 where she met with President Nursultan Nazarbayev to start a ‚more dynamic partnership‘ with Kazakhstan. [5] Merkel ugly a wreath at the monument to the Defenders of the Fatherland [5] – an Astana monument to the fallen soldiers of the Great Patriotic War – the Eastern Front of World War II .
German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier noted in a July 2017 visit to Astana that German-Kazakh relations had grown closer and more over 25 years. [6]
References
- ^ Jump up to:a b „Kazakhstan“ . German Foreign Ministry .
- Jump up^ „Germany Country to Keep Ethnic Germans in Russia“ . The New York Times.
- Jump up^ Brown, Andrew J. (June 2005). „Kazakhstan: A Eurasian Volk in the Twilight of Diaspora“. Europe-Asia Studies . 57 (4): 625.
- Jump up^ „EUROPEAN UNION AND KAZAKHSTAN: TRENDS IN TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION“ . CA & CC Press . 2003.
- ^ Jump up to:a b „Deepening partnership with Kazakhstan“ . bundeskanzlerin.de .
- Jump up^ „Germany, Kazakhstan strengthening ties at Expo Astana 2017“ . EFE.